Joanne Bethany*
Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has revolutionized the field of surgery, offering patients less pain, quicker recovery times, and reduced scarring compared to traditional open procedures. Over the years, continuous innovation has propelled MIS techniques to new heights, expanding their applications across various medical specialties. This comprehensive review explores the latest advancements in minimally invasive surgery, highlighting technological breakthroughs, improved instrumentation, and evolving surgical approaches. The roots of minimally invasive surgery can be traced. When laparoscopic techniques gained prominence in gynecology and general surgery. Since then, MIS has evolved significantly, with advancements driven by technological innovation, improved understanding of human anatomy, and a commitment to enhancing patient outcomes. Laparoscopic surgery, characterized by small incisions and the use of a camera for visualization, paved the way for minimally invasive approaches. Early advancements in laparoscopy focused on refining instruments, enhancing video quality, and improving ergonomics for surgeons. As a result, procedures such as cholecystectomy and appendectomy became routine laparoscopic interventions, setting the stage for further innovation. One of the most significant advancements in MIS is the integration of robotic-assisted surgery.
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