Mingyuan Long*
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a highly regulated cellular process essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliminating damaged or unwanted cells. It plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological conditions, including development, immune response, and cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in apoptosis, highlighting the key players and regulators. The intricate balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors determines the fate of cells, with disruptions in this equilibrium leading to aberrant cell survival or excessive cell death. We discuss the importance of apoptosis in normal cellular processes and its dysregulation in diseases, emphasizing the therapeutic implications. Furthermore, recent advancements in understanding apoptosis regulation and novel therapeutic strategies targeting apoptotic pathways are also explored. A comprehensive understanding of apoptosis is vital for unravelling its complex dynamics and exploiting its therapeutic potential.
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