癌症临床试验杂志

Bladder Cancer Research: Latest Breakthroughs and On-going Studies

Abstract

Baraud Kenji

Bladder cancer is a formidable adversary, affecting millions of people worldwide and causing substantial morbidity and mortality. However, the field of bladder cancer research has made remarkable progress in recent years. Before delving into recent advancements, it's crucial to understand the basics of bladder cancer. This form of cancer begins in the bladder, the organ responsible for storing urine. Bladder cancer typically starts in the urothelial cells that line the interior of the bladder, but it can also develop in other cell types. Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, chronic bladder inflammation and genetic predisposition. The immune system is the body's natural defense against foreign invaders, including cancer cells. However, cancer can sometimes evade the immune system's surveillance, allowing it to grow and spread. Bladder cancer, like many other cancer types, can create an immunosuppressive microenvironment, making it challenging for the immune system to recognize and combat the disease.