Nadir Osem
Contamination of soil with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is gaining attention around the world due to its obvious toxicity and risks to local residents. Soil PTE distribution, source, and environmental risk assessments are thus the first steps toward high-efficiency pollutant degradation and sustainable utilisation. The current study assessed the environmental risk of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in Al-Ahsa soils in eastern Saudi Arabia using a variety of contamination indicators and multivariate methods. 30 surface soil samples were collected from palm fields irrigated with groundwater and treated sewage water for analysis. From 1985 to 2021, Landsat images of Al-Ahsa showed an increase in total vegetative area and residential area, but a decrease in bare land area.
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