Rafiq Kanji*
Neuroinflammation is a dynamic and multifaceted process within the central nervous system (CNS), driven by the interplay of immune responses and resident cells. This comprehensive article explores the mechanisms, functions, and critical roles of neuroinflammation in brain health and disease. Topics covered include the immune privilege of the CNS, the involvement of microglia and astrocytes, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and the intricate balance between neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity, and neurodegeneration. We delve into the role of neuroinflammation in normal aging and its implications in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Therapeutic strategies, genetic factors, environmental triggers, and the gut-brain connection are also discussed. Ethical and societal implications of neuroinflammation research are considered. This article concludes by emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the promising prospects for understanding and managing neuroinflammatory conditions.
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