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Migraine in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a Relationship to Leptin?

Abstract

Sherifa A Hamed, Manal E Ezz-El-Deen and Madleen A Abdou

Previous studies have reported association of migraine and metabolic syndrome (MS) and between MS and
leptin (a protein product of the obesity gene). This study aimed to determine whether there is a link between MS and its components, leptin and migraine and its covariates (frequency and duration), as data regarding this relationship are still sparse or even controversial. This study included 60 patients with MS and comorbid migraine with mean age of 47.83±7.31 years. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and lab characteristics were identified. Serum leptin concentrations were also measured. Nearly 58.33% had episodic migraine (MoA=44.64%, MA=16.6%), 35% had chronic migraine and 6.67% had tension type headache (TTH). Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension and were reported in all patients, of them 80% had hypertriglyceridemia and/or dyslipidemia, 81.67% had insulin resistance (IR) and 58.33% hyperleptinemia. Compared to patients with TTH, patients with migraine had higher measurements for BMI (39.01 ± 6.05), WC (P = 0.058), poor glycemic control (8.11 ± 1.22), SBP (P = 0.052), DBP (P = 0.050) and serum levels of LDL-c (P = 0.0001), fasting insulin (P = 0.0001) and leptin (P = 0.0001). Leptin concentrations were found to
be positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.547, P = 0.008), WC (r = 0.445, P = 0.002), HbA1c (r = 0.656, P = 0.001) and fasting insulin (r = 0.613, P = 0.008). The logistic regression to model leptin and headache parameters (frequency and duration) after adjusting age and sex and leptin levels, were found to correlate with BMI, WC and fasting insulin) but this relationship disappeared after adjustment of these covariates. We conclude that comorbid migraine with MS is related to obesity (total body obesity and abdominal adiposity) and insulin abnormalities after adjustment of other covariates.