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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Three Defining Criteria in Hypertensive Population in a Rural Hospital Setting

Abstract

Adamu Umar G, Umenze IK, Ibok IO, Abdullahi Aisha, Olaniyi OM and Oladele CO

Aim: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome using National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult treatment Panel III, American Heart Association-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and the Joint Interim Statement criteria and determine the prevalence of each of the cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensives attending a rural cardiology clinic in North central Nigeria

Methods: This cross-sectional study used the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), American Heart Association-National Heart Lung and Blood institute (AHA-NHLBI) and the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria to assess metabolic syndrome in 204 patients with arterial hypertension attending cardiology clinic of Federal medical centre, Bida, North central Nigeria from February 2010 to April 2013. The demographic and clinical history of the patients was taken.

Results: There were 97 men (47.5%) and 107 (52.5%) women. The mean age was 53.44 ± 11.71 years and range from 21-84years. Using the NCEP-ATP III, eighty three (40.7%) hypertensives had metabolic syndrome (33 males: 16.2%, 50 females: 24.5%) while the application of AHA-NHLBI criteria, resulted in metabolic syndrome in 96 (47.1%) of hypertensives (42 males: 20.6%, 54 females: 26.5% females) and with the JIS, 108 (52.9%) hypertensives (46 males: 22.5%, 62 females: 33.9% females). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age. In both male and female hypertensives with metabolic syndrome, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and abdominal obesity were the most common cardiovascular risk factor.

Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hypertensives in rural Nigeria is high and varies considerably depending on the definition used. The need for public health promotion, screening and management of hypertension and other components of metabolic syndrome is hereby recommended