全球经济学杂志

The article shows the economic situation in Georgia and the perspectives the country have. The main problems that concern the population today, as well as the challenges that Georgia faces today and the tasks to be resolved are described in the paper. Along with the economic situation in Georgia, labour market conditions, foreign direct investments, foreign trade and competitiveness of the country are assessed. Paper concludes with the picture of the economic situation in Georgia and setting the ways of economic development

Purpose of this paper is to analyze the development of sectarianism, and its effects on economic conditions during the British era. It is true in the history sects or groups gave large structure. Sectarianism is exceptionally compound and complex issue. This paper tells the answer to some question these are. Why increase the sects aggregate and group’s quantity. How Sectarianism affects the economic conditions. Why economics is vital for any territory. This paper also explains how sectarianism system is dangerous for the economy. This paper provides the information about sect’s devilment. What reason for writing the article? Some groups are adopting the own theory and belief and develop the history which not gassiest. While the leaders of groups don't understand the arguments of other sects; that is why they have certainty on their own beliefs. They are the strike and rigid for not adopting the theories of other groups. Furthermore, social division in India has Jurisdiction issue. This division directly affected the economic conditions, which is much more dangerous for Indian progress. Factors of social division are very bored. It has importance for solving, and it has the flexibility to make easier to answer.

Kaldor's first growth law posits that the growth rate of an economy is positively related to the growth rate of its manufacturing sector. This paper tests the validity of this law for ECOWAS by controlling for both heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The results suggest that the growth trajectory of ECOWAS countries is consistent with Kaldor's first law.

Since their inception in 2006, the BRICS countries (Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa) have been fully committed to the strengthening and expansion of trade and investment ties between member states and the international world. However, it is important to empirically analyse whether the growth of these economies is driven by trade because the extensive trade -growth studies have yielded mixed and inconclusive empirical results. Therefore, this study is an empirical attempt to investigate the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in the BRICS counties by utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test to cointegration and the Granger causality tests for the period from 1990 to 2017. The presence of a long run relationship between trade openness and economic growth is confirmed in this study. Evidence from the bounds test of cointegration indicate that there exists a bi-directional causality from trade openness to economic growth in the BRICS countries. Furthermore, this study provides evidence of a unidirectional causality between trade openness and output growth, particularly in the case of China.

The objective of this research are to analyst the effect of capital structure, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, firm’s size on earnings per share and to analyst the effect of earnings per share on market value. The subject of this research is the banking sector entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2008 and reported self-assessment of good corporate governance from the year 2008 up to 2015 also did not experience any losses resulting in earnings per share negative from the year 2008 up to 2015. The result shows that capital structure, good corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and firm’s size have influence on earnings per share. The relationship between capital structure with earnings per share inversely proportional. The relationship between the good corporate governance with earnings per share is directly proportional. The relationship between corporate social responsibility with earnings per share inversely proportional. The relationship between firm's size with earnings per share is directly proportional. Earnings per share have influence on market value. The relationship between earnings per share and market value is directly proportional. Earnings per share reflects the book value reported by the bank, the real value of the bank is the market value. It can be indicated that the capital market in Indonesia gives higher value to the bank due to the strength of bank income. If the bank has profits consistently will have a market value greater than the book value of the bank.

This study analyses how financial liberalisation affects the financial development in eight countries member of SADC for the year of 1980 to 2012. Financial liberalisation refers to the removal of the intervention a government imposes on key variables like interest rate. Therefore, it refers to the removal of various constraints in the financial sector. We will be examining the impact of some macroeconomic variables on the financial development of eight countries. We then will be using three measures for financial development which are bank credit to the private sector, bank deposits and stock market capitalization. Explanatory variables will be used to determine financial development and estimations are based on random-effect panel regressions. Random effect supposes that the difference across countries impact the level of financial development: for the banking development variable, inflation has a significant and negative impact on credit to private sectors and bank deposits. However, Portfolio investments and remittance have not impacted bank credit to private sector, bank deposit and stock market capitalization. Stock market capitalization appears not to be affected and do not improve by any other variable. Per-capita income has a positive impact on bank deposit, but a negatively impacted by stock market capitalization. The Trade variable is negatively correlated with credit to private sector. Net private investment has a positive impact on financial development through the banking deposits but negatively to the stock market capitalization.