国际经济与管理科学杂志

E-commerce refers to use of internet for marketable and/ or business deals. These papers concentrate on digitally enabled marketable and/ or business deals. Ecommerce has converted the way business is done in India. The Indian E-commerce request is prognosticated to grow to US$ 200 billion by 2026 from US$38.5 billion during the time 2017. Anticipated growth of the assiduity has been touched off by an increase in internet and smartphone penetration in the recent times.

Multiple studies techniques have become researchers` alternatives of technique because of the truth that methodological pluralism gives higher great statistics than a unmarried technique. That stems from a paradigm shift from the usage of mainstream mono techniques, or the subscription to the incompatibility thesis, or the perpetuation of the paradigm wars to the utilisation of a couple of studies views. There is mounting proof that: '...there's no unmarried all-powerful studies technique. All techniques have benefits in addition to boundaries. Not to well-known those boundaries is the crucial flaw of monomethodology'.

Statistical mediation analysis can help to identify and explain the mechanisms behind the linkage between capital structure and corporate performance through the mediating effect of working capital management. We use a sample of 1149 Spanish firms in 2019. A path analysis shows that overinvesting in working capital management reduce the positive impact of internal funds on corporate performance. We show that efficient working capital management is value enhancing when a firm converges to a financial optimal level. As a robustness test, we check for the potential effect of working capital on firm’s solvency through cash and we find that holding cash has got a positive mediation effect. Thus, we prove the nonlinear relationship between working capital and firm performance and that efficient management technique through cash holding could improve the positive impact on firm’s solvency and consequently corporate performance.

Transportation continues to be recognized as an essential sector contributing to the development of many economies. Railway Transport, in particular, due to its absolute advantage of transporting bulk and heavy cargo, is pronounced as a freight surface transport mode which can contribute to the sustainable development of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) of Africa. This regional economic community has economies primarily dependent on bulk exports and imports of freight influencing their balance of payments and this trade also serves as the basis for their economic growth. It is from this ideology that railway freight transport economic efficiency is desired. This paper gives a realization of the variables for inclusion in a Railway Economic Regulatory Framework for enabling sustainable regional economic development in SADC based on economic and competitiveness theories. A particular case of the SADC North South Corridor Railway Market is used as a sufficient and representative SADC railway corridor due to the multiple number countries (Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) involved defining this railway corridor. This North South Railway Corridor is argued to be representative because the railway networks of these countries are connected to most if not all the other ten railway corridors in SADC but all other corridor has a smaller number of countries.

Currently, there has been a growing interest in small rural business development and entrepreneurship as conduits for accelerating job opportunities-for the youth and for poverty reduction. Despite the policy recognition, the economic performance of the rural entrepreneurs or enterprises is not ground-breaking. This might not be without any factors that daunting the development of the rural entrepreneurs to make their due contribution to the development of their community. Hence, this study was undertaken in order to assess common militating challenges of the development pace and fate of rural entrepreneurship, to trace out the opportunities open to start new businesses and expand the existing ones and to examine the prospects of rural entrepreneurship in order to achieve the desired objectives the study both qualitative as well as quantitative methods were employed. From the total of 503 entrepreneurs in the selected Kebeles, 125 samples were selected using multistage sampling technique. In order to gather data from the respondents, structured questionnaire and unstructured interview were employed as instruments of data collection. The data collected through questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively and to analyze the interview data qualitative approach was applied. After the data analyzed carefully, it was found that, the rural entrepreneurship in the study area conditioned by different business environment factors which are either internal or external to the businesses. Personal traits of business owners and managerial competences and skill related deficiencies are among internal factors affecting their success. Whereas market factors, economic factors, political factors and social factors were among the challenges external to the business setting. In order to make them a true catalysts of rural development, rural entrepreneurs themselves should be vigilant of the existing opportunities and make attempt to change opportunities into business, government should also play a primary role in solving its internal limitations that hinder the possibility of rural transformation through rural entrepreneurship and different bodies i.e. media, NGOs should take part in promoting rural entrepreneurship.

Waste is not itself a bad thing, rather it is a poor waste management system that is wasteful and dangerous. Proper solid waste management has to be undertaken to ensure that it does not affect the environment, health and people’s livelihood. The main aim of this study was analyzing the adverse effects of solid wastes on environment, health, and people’s livelihood in Sodo town. The urban poor, living in inadequate overcrowded shelters, are particularly vulnerable to diseases such as typhoid, diarrhea, cholera, malaria and intestinal worms from contaminated water and food, poor drainage and garbage collection.The urban poor, living in inadequate overcrowded shelters, are particularly vulnerable to diseases such as typhoid, diarrhea, cholera, malaria and intestinal worms from contaminated water and food, poor drainage and garbage collection.

This study intended to assess the effect of merging of social security funds (SSFs) on the organizational survival and growth of Public Social Security Services Funds (PSSSF) in Tanzania. The study is based on 192 respondents sampled by non-profanity sampling method by convenient sampling technique from 516 staff from all 29 branches and its headquarters in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Telephone interview was used to collect data from 30 respondents who constituted managers of PSSSF (at least one from each branch and headquarters) and questionnaires were administered to 162 sampled conveniently from all the 29 branches and headquarter. Data collected by telephone interview was analyzed by descriptive statistics by Excel and its output summarized in figures and tables while data collected by questionnaire were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Quirkois 2.4. The purpose of using more than one tool in data collection and analysis was to cross validate the data and findings so as to increase its accuracy, The findings indicated that, merging has high effect on survival and growth of PSSSF in Tanzania, This study recommend deliberate efforts of the Tanzanian government to ensure survival and sustainable growth of PSSSF after the merging to help the newly merged fund to overcome challenges that has resulted into failures elsewhere and reconcile conflicting elements of organizational environment that has brought along with the funds that were merged.