健康教育研究与发展杂志

Satisfaction is a feeling perceived by the customer, achieved by comparing perceived performance with customer expectations of a particular product/service. The satisfaction of the service is judged by the quality of service provided. Satisfaction with the nursing service of the coast tourist community is judged by the quality of service provided during the tourist visits. Tourism research on nursing tourism is still limited publication; in fact it has not been done in Indonesia. Whereas the Community Health Care Services program has been declared since the 1970s, but the focus of the tourist community has not been untouched. Studies related to community nursing in beach tourism have not been done until now. Moreover, there are no local government regulations, cross-sectoral cooperation on coastal accident management efforts at the beach to improve tourist safety. This study aims to develop coast tourist community nursing model through coastal health post (Poskespan) to improve the safety of tourists at the beach of Badung Regency, Bali Province. Quantitative research design or quasy experiment is done with pre post test with control group design. Cluster sampling technique. The respondents of the intervention group were tourists visiting the eight sub-districts of Kuta Center, Badung Regency, which contained three coastal health posts (Poskespan Kuta, Legian, Seminyak) amounting to 360 respondents. Tourists who visit the beach in which there is no coastal health post as a control group, amounting to 360 people. Based on the results of the research, it is known that there is an influence of the development of nursing model of coastal tourist community through coastal health post for the safety of tourists. Therefore, it is hoped that coastal health post model can be one of the health efforts of the community (UKBM) in a special group of coastal communities in Indonesia such as poskestren which is used as the guide of UKBM to the group especially pesantren or poskesdes community in villagers. Poskespan model is also built like the concept of UKBM which is also available such as in other areas of Indonesia by involving personal of Poskespan namely surf lifesaving association, and the involvement of community health center personnel for activities outside the community health center building.

Background: Healthcare providers’ empathetic attitude towards patient care significantly plays a role in the success of patient-centred outcome. However, across the empathy literature, there have been numerous studies which indicate that there had been a significant change in the level of empathy among nursing students in line with the length of their clinical exposure. Considering these studies, little is known on the factors affecting empathy. Hence, this study has purported to explore the factors influencing nursing students’ level of empathy.
Methods: A descriptive-correlational research design was utilized. This study employed factor analysis to explore the factors which influence student nurses’ level of empathy. Data was analysed through SPSS Version 21. Inclusion criteria are regular nursing students with at least 18 years of age, on their 15th week of RLE and are currently enrolled in the academic year 2017-2018. A total of 255 nursing students were purposively selected from a tertiary institution in Manila.
Results: Nine factor dimensions identified namely: Engaging, Efficiency, Emic, Erratic, Encumbering, Enduing, Emotive, Embracing, and Enervating Factors. Out of the nine variables that were identified, only four have been identified to have a direct effect on empathy which is: Engaging, Efficiency, Erratic and Encumbering Factors. Moreover, Engaging and Efficiency Factors positively affect empathy while Erratic and Encumbering Factors negatively affect empathy. Notably, Engaging factors had the most impact among the student nurses’ level of empathy.
Conclusion: Several factors affecting the nursing students’ empathy are combination of personal, patient and environmental. Since it was revealed that some factors can cause decrease in empathy among the nursing students, selection of educators who will serve as positive role models should be considered. Likewise, empathy trainings may be conducted such as self-awareness and reflective listening among the nursing students before they face their patients.

Bullying is a social phenomenon that has seen across the world and the behavioral engagement refers to a large range of student behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Teacher Bullying (TB) and Peer Bullying (PB) on student’s Behavioral Engagement (BE) and to make out the comparison between the public and private university students in Islamabad, Pakistan. A quantitative approach and convenient sampling has been used in this study. Questionnaire was distributed among the 400 University students. With the help of SPSS, linear regression analysis and independent two sample t-tests have been used and results indicated that TB and PB significantly affect the students’ BE. In addition, there was a significant mean difference between Public and Private University students and the impact was high in Public universities as compared to Private. Hence the findings included that due to bullying students did not participate in the class and did not follow the teachers’ instruction. The originality of the study is that it focused on the behavioral aspect regarding bullying that was not very much investigated among the University students in Pakistan because the previous studies were focused on the moral and psychological effects among the schools and colleges students. This study is limited regarding the two dimensions of the behavioral engagement. Implications regarding the bullying influence on behavioral engagement have been discussed. Further research can be possible by including the other dimensions of behavioral engagement, giving the preventive measure and by increasing the sample size of the study.

Objective: The aims of the study were to explore university female students’ perception about reproductive health problems, their reproductive health seeking behaviors and how reproductive health problems could be managed from their perspective.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaires among university female students in University of Ghana. These were students who were enrolled into any undergraduate program in the university. Data was collected using self-administered standardized questionnaire on perceptions and reproductive health problems among 50 students from university of Ghana female students who agreed to participate in the study using stratified random sampling technique.

Result: The mean age of the respondents was 25 years. Out of the 50 participants, 70% could define reproductive health correctly whilst 30% could not give accurate definition of reproductive health. 84% of respondents were able to mention at least one of such reproductive problems. Twenty-three (23) respondents which represent 54.8% of the 42 respondents who had heard about some reproductive health problems said reproductive health problems can be prevented through sex education, 7 respondents representing 16.7% mentioned abstinence as a way of preventing reproductive health problems, 3 people mention family planning and this constitute 7.1% of the 42 respondents. In addition, 4 respondents which constitute 9.5% mentioned medical interventions such as seeking for a safe abortion at well-equipped institutions with qualified personnel as a way of preventing reproductive health problems. Majority of the participants, 32(64%) were aware of interventions aimed at addressing reproductive health problems whilst 18 participants representing 36% were not aware.

Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate great awareness of reproductive health problems and sex education among the respondents. 100% of the respondents who have ever had an STI sought treatment from either the hospital or the pharmacy.

Background: Drug information is all information provided on the safe and effective use of therapeutic and diagnostic pharmaceuticals. Health providers require information resources for therapeutic decision support, implementation, and monitoring of outcome, thus, improve the quality of care, enhance the use of evidence-based treatments, maintain and updated knowledge.

Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge of drug information resources and the type of drug information resources that are commonly used by students of College of pharmacy and nursing at the University of Nizwa, Oman.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Questionnaires in both Arabic and English language were distributed among the first and final year students of pharmacy and nursing students in University of Nizwa. Descriptive analysis was performed.

Results: Questionnaires were distributed to 200 students of pharmacy and nursing. (4% male, 96% female). As students, the enrolled sample showed that 40% gain the knowledge about drugs through their instructors. The majority of students (37%) used tertiary resources for searching drug information. The main reasons for the respondents to search for drug information are because of study purpose, curiosity about the medicine and examination which made up 51%.

Conclusion: Up to date information about medicine are necessary for practicing the profession of pharmacy and nursing. The study managed to find that the students had enough knowledge about drug information resources which will make them capable of valuing the evidence-based practice. However, they showed that their classical way of getting information is through books and main reasons were because of study purpose, curiosity about the medicine and examination. Interestingly the students of pharmacy and nursing showed similar responses. Establishing drug information resources knowledge among students is crucial for better practice in the future.

Objective: Because of the increasing use of air travel and the increased mobility of people, different health conditions may arise during the trip in the flight cabin or in the destination country. We aimed to determine the health conditions/problems associated with air travel and stays in a foreign country.
Methods: The research included an electronic questionnaire completed by 1014 Estonian residents who travelled by plane during the last five years on holiday and/or on a cultural trip.
Results: Health disorders occurred mostly during long trips of 1-4 hours, and the main health problems during plane travel were earaches, headaches, and flatulence. Fear of flying occurred in nearly in a third of the subjects on both short- and long-distance flights. It manifested in episodes of tachycardia and pre-travel insomnia. To cope with these situations, female passengers preferred to listen to music, and male passengers preferred to consume alcohol. In total, 59 different countries were visited, and the most frequent destinations were southern countries: Turkey, Spain, and Italy. Diarrhea, sunburn, severe headaches, fevers and flu-like symptoms were the main health problems in the destination countries. These problems were mostly caused by bad hygiene, consumption of local food, not applying sunblock creams and the change of the environment. The major share of information about the potential dangers of a trip was received from the Internet or from friends.
Conclusions: People who decide to travel by plane are usually frequent flyers, and the preferred destinations were mostly warmer climates and not very distant but also not neighbor countries. Health problems occurred most frequently during flights of medium length (1-4 hours). The frequent health disorders at destinations were characteristic for northern tourists visiting southern countries.

Background and Aims: Due to the increasing prevalence of aggression and its destructive impact on various aspects of health, familiarity with simple and practical methods of anger management is necessary. This study aimed to design and validate religious evidence-based spiritual self-care guidelines in anger management.

Methods: In an evolutionary research, focused on the question of “What are the guidelines of anger managing?” based on the religious and scientific evidence-based approach, the evidence was first reviewed by PICO method. Based on Sattler Model, instructions were extracted. Validity of instructions in three Delphi rounds was investigated with survey seminary and university professors. The instructions ability to apply, in focus groups meetings with nurses, was investigated. Quality of new guidelines was desirable by Agree and Glia questionnaire.

Findings: The aim of the therapeutic interventions in scientific psychology is reducing emotional impulses and physiological arousal by increasing the awareness of individuals towards anger and its control techniques. In addition to treating the excitement of anger, Islam addresses the individual to an endurance that is the opposite of anger. Religious behavioural and cognitive anger management guidelines provide spiritual care that can easily be done by client in schedule of daily pastoral self-care.

Conclusion: Simple, intelligible and practical religious evidence-based guidelines can be used to strengthen selfcontrol and daily self-calculation. In addition to reducing aggression, they promote the spiritual well-being of individuals and prevent the social and psychosocial outcomes of anger.

Introduction and Aim: The transition from being a nursing scholar to a practicing nurse is a significant phase in the lives of intern-nurses. During this phase intern-nurses build on experiences which determine their proficiency in future. The transitional experience is a phase of learning, exploration and adaptation for intern-nurses. Transition programs are introduced by healthcare organizations in order to provide intern-nurses with better learning and adapting opportunities. This study aimed to build insight into the opportunities they faced by intern-nurses at Labasa Hospital during transition.
Methodology: A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to carry out this study at Labasa Hospital, Fiji. A convenient sample of 22 intern-nurses participated in data collection, through semi-structured in depth interviews. The participants comprised of current intern nurses of Labasa Hospital or those that had completed internship at Labasa Hospital within the past five years and were currently working at different unit at Labasa hospital. The interview data was transcribed verbatim and interpreted using thematic analysis.
Results: The demographical findings of this study indicated the ages of the participants to be between 22 and 26 while one participant was 46 years old. Ten of the participants were current intern-nurses of Labasa hospital whilst the remaining 12 had completed their internship less than five years ago and currently working in various units at Labasa Hospital. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed three subthemes which describe opportunities experienced by intern- nurses; competence, confidence and socializing. The subthemes were further divided into categories. Competence is reflected by categories of skill development and efficient workers while, confidence is defined by communication and dealing with stress. Finally, socializing is categorized by rapport and team building.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the transitional opportunities experienced by intern nurses are confidence, competence and socialization. The opportunities enable the intern-nurses to improve their proficiency level thus improving the clinical outcomes. The findings of this study will help in understanding the transitional experiences of intern-nurses and the need to provide support intern-nurses during transition.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to examine how the Health Belief Model can be used to demonstrate the benefits of pedometer use for sedentary working adults to aid in decreasing obesity and weight gain.
Introduction: Pedometers have grown to be a popular tool to track steps resulting in demonstrating the number of calories burned from the number of steps tracked.
Methods: There will also be a breakdown of pedometer use in different circumstances that document and demonstrate the benefits of using pedometers to reduce a sedentary lifestyle. Using the Health Belief Model, the concepts that will be analyzed will be: individual perceptions; modifying actions; and likelihood of change.
Conclusion: Pedometer use could begin the process of lowering the prevalence of ailments that can lead to death.

Background: Every organization must define customer satisfaction regarding their market. So customer satisfaction could not be defined only standard or quality of product. Customer satisfaction is about relationships between the customer and product or service and the provider of a product or service.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess overall satisfaction levels Customers with the administration of Menelik II health Science College.

Methodology: A cross sectional study design was conducted from Dec, 2015 to Jan, 2016 in Menelik II Health Science College. The sample size includes Students (n=233), teachers (n=20), and administrative staffs (n=29) who were available at the college during the study period and randomly selected and included in study. Structured questioner was prepared to collect the data and data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 23.

Results: The satisfaction of student was found to be 55.8%, 48.1%, 51.1%, and, 42.1% in teaching learning process, library service, and registrar and student services respectively. The satisfaction of teachers was similar (45%) with college management, Library and Registrar services; whereas 60% of teachers were satisfied on procurement, finance, and general service of the college. The satisfaction of administrative staff was 44.8% and 55.2% with college management and procurement, finance, and general service of the college respectively.

Conclusion: The overall level of students, teachers and administrative staff satisfaction was moderate. The college should consider mechanisms to improve the satisfaction of its customers.

Background: To improve the patient safety among health care sector and organizations need effective and efficient leadership at all stages.

Purpose: The aim of this research was to examine the impact of nurse’s manager transformational leadership performance on job contentment and also towards patient safety outcomes.

Methods: Random sampling of critical care nurses (N=358) was carried out through cross sectional survey in Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad hospitals of Pakistan. By using structural equation model technique hypothesized model was verified.

Discussion: Data acceptability fit in the hypothesized model. Results highlighted that transformational leadership had solid positive impact on workstation empowerment, which resultantly enhances nurse’s job satisfaction and reduces adverse patient outcomes frequency. Consequently, job satisfaction was interrelated towards lower adverse measures.

Conclusion: Findings of this research provides support for manager’s to adopt transformational leadership conduct as a beneficial strategy to create office environments which encourage better safety results for patients as well as nurses.

The purpose behind this article is to investigate the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI), turnover intention, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior with mediator effects of political skill. Data was collected through a quantitative survey methodology from sample of 263 employees; data was analyzed using hierarchical regression model. EI was found a significant positive relationship with political skill, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior. However, the results of turnover intention were found to against the both hypothesis where EI was positively related to TI directly as well as through mediation. Furthermore political skill was found as a mediator between EI, TI, JP and OCB. EI training can be a powerful predictor for organizations and managers to enhance job performance and organizational citizenship behavior. This study extends the scope of EI and political skill through a significant positive relationship which can be viewed at work arena. This research also found political skill to be a mediator in the relationship between EI, turnover intention, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior.

This study has investigated the relationship between employee’s emotional intelligence and their performances mediating role of job satisfaction in Pakistani health sector. Data for this research was gathered by means of three instruments; total 432 respondents participated in this research. After data analysis, it was determined that in Pakistani health sector, employee’s emotional intelligence is vital factor in determination of their performance. Correlation and linear regression analysis indicated that there is significant positive association between employee’s emotional intelligence and their performance. Mediation results also highlighted that job satisfaction partially mediates between employee’s emotional intelligence and their performance and strengthened their relationship.

Introduction: Periodontitis develops through opportunistic infection which usually occurs when there is an imbalance between the oral biofilm and host defense’s and has been connected with various systemic diseases such as heart diseases, diabetes, renal diseases, respiratory diseases etc. Due to lack of previous study, this study is aimed to describe the determinants of systemic diseases amongst periodontitis patients in Suva, Fiji.

Methodology: This retrospective descriptive study was carried out in the FNU Dental Clinics, Suva, Fiji using the periodontitis patient clinical records from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2014. Periodontitis patients with or without self-reported systemic disease history were included in this study. Patient demographic variables were collected and Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio with their 95% Confidence Intervals to define any association between dependent variable and independent variables. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The results of the study showed that the odds of having systemic disease were 3.5 times higher in 40-64- year-old patients than in the 15-39-year-old periodontitis patients (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.98-6.09, p=<0.001). Male periodontitis patients reported with 42% systemic disease and females reported with 58% systemic disease. Systemic disease was higher in females than males; however, this was not statistically significant. The odds of having systemic disease were 1.9 times higher in the Fijians of Indian Descent than among the I-Taukei Fijians (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.17-3.11, p=0.026).

Conclusion: The study concluded that systemic disease was the most in 40-64-year-old Fijians of Indian decent periodontitis patients, this was statistically significant. Female periodontitis patients showed higher presence of systemic diseases than the male periodontitis patients; however this was not statistically significant.