健康教育研究与发展杂志

Objective: The omnipresence and functionality of the Internet as well as its common use by the society influence the constantly growing number of research devoted to the problematic use of the Internet. Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is defined as an excessive engagement in the use of some Internet applications, creating psychological, social and health problems. The recent research have shown that adolescents using the Internet in a dysfunctional ways present several psychosocial problems. In the literature, there is no doubt that high sense of coherence (SOC) has a positive impact on human's health.

Methods: We used a simple random sample. The study group comprised of 1078 students of 9 randomly chosen secondary schools in Warsaw, Poland. All participants completed the Sense of Coherence Scale for Adolescents (SOC-11M), the version being adapted for Polish studies by ZwoliÅ„ski; and the Internet Use Test which is a Polish adaptation of the Young’s Internet Addiction Test by Poprawa.

Results: About 11.6% of students (N=125) showed a very high or high level of the PIU. We found a significant correlation between all dimensions of the PIU and the SOC. Secondary school students with lower level of the SOC showed the highest intensity of the PIU, while those with higher level of the SOC achieved the lowest results in the PIU.

Conclusions: There is a lack of studies focusing on the impact of SOC on the PIU. Results lead to conclusion that strengthening SOC would be a useful aspect of school-based health promotion programs focused on PUI prevention and reducing its negative health consequences. The psychosocial causes as well as the potential influences of SOC on the PIU should be studied in the future longitudinal research. In addition, the studies concerning the practical use of SOC, including intervention studies, would be valuable. The impact of sense of coherence on the Problematic Internet Use among secondary school students.

Aims: To assess the knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and reduction measures among primary school teachers in rural and urban areas in Anambra state.

Study design: Comparative Cross-sectional study.

Place and duration of study: Urban and rural primary schools in Onitsha North and Dunukofia local government areas of Anambra state between March–October 2015.

Methodology: A random sample of 320 urban and rural primary school teachers (160 in each arm) who were less than 60 years, not pregnant and not on anti-hypertensive drugs were included in the study. Data was collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and focus group discussions.

Results: Were predominantly female (97.81%), mean age of 50.78+5.13 years. Awareness of cardiovascular disease was higher in urban than rural respondents (88% vs. 76%; P=0.005). Commonest source of information was TV/Radio, more in urban respondents (72% vs. 69%; P=0.008). Overall, 63.49% of respondents had high knowledge while 36.56% had low knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Most identified risk factors were lack of exercise, smoking, non-consumption of fruit/vegetables (98.75%, 96.56%, 94.38% respectively) and least identified risk factors were body site of fat deposition, physical inactivity, consumption of packaged processed food (16.25%, 11.25%, 17.19%). More urban respondents knew non-consumption of fruits/vegetables, fatty foods and stress as risk factors (P<0.000, P=0.033, P=0.006 respectively). For risk reduction measures, 61.25% had high knowledge while 38.75% had low knowledge. Regular medical check-up, cholesterol check and reduced alcohol intake (49.06%, 45.94%, and 45.63% respectively) were the most identified while 5-servings of fruit/day, regular blood sugar (16.56%, 25% respectively) were the least identified measures. Knowledge of exercising 30-minutes/day, consumption 5-servings of fruit/day, avoidance of fried foods were statistically higher in rural teachers.

Conclusion: There was high awareness of risk factors and reduction measures in rural than urban teachers with no statistical difference overall.

Background: Patients’ satisfaction is an individual’s positive assessment regarding a variegated aspect of healthcare and the perception about the quality of services offered in that health facility. Patients who are not satisfied with healthcare services in a certain health facility are very likely to stop seeking treatment in that facility.
Objective: To determine satisfaction level of pregnant mothers with the antenatal services provided by the doctors.
Methods: Using an interviewer administered questionnaire, information on clients’ satisfaction was obtained from 500 women attending antenatal care clinic through exit interview. Systematic random sampling was used to select anticipants. Data were entered in to the IBM SPSS software, and analyzed. Results were presented as proportions in percentages. P value <0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered significant.
Study design: This was a comparative cross sectional study.
Settings: The study sites were; Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State University Teaching Hospital Awka, St Charles Borromeo Specialist Hospital, Onitsha and Regina Ceali Specialist Hospital, Awka all in Anambra state.
Participants: The study population comprised of 500 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of the teaching and mission hospitals in Anambra state.
Main outcome measures: Patient expectations of quality care, patient satisfaction.
Results: More clients from teaching hospitals (93.4%) were satisfied with the attention they obtained from the doctors compared with mission hospitals respondents (92%) though this different was not statistically significant (χ2=4.101, P=0.417). Ninety three percent (93%) of the total respondents were satisfied with the attention they obtain from the doctors. Satisfaction with time spent with the doctor and doctor’s explanation what the clients want to know was higher among teaching hospitals respondents (97.7% and 95.6%) compared with mission hospitals respondents (90.7% and 89.4%). However, the differences were not statistically significant. Majority of the respondents from teaching and mission hospitals were satisfied with time spent with the doctors (95.4%) and doctor’s explanation (93.4%).
Conclusion: Periodic patient satisfaction survey on different sections of the antenatal clinic should be institutionalized to provide feedback for continuous quality improvement.

Objective: To access the presence and prevalence of roundworm among the study population.

Study design: A simple primary school based questionnaire was distributed to the pupils to determine the name, age, sex and sanitation situations in the schools and homes. Also, a total of 561 samples collected were processed using formal ether concentration technique.

Results: 2(0.3%) pupils from Abo and Umueme primary schools were positive for Ascaris lumbricoides. The sex distribution of the infestation showed a higher prevalence of 1(0.3%) among the females and none among the males. From the age group distribution, we saw that 1(0.8%) in the age group (5 to 13) years was positive.

Conclusion: There is an unhealthy presence and prevalence of A. lumbricoides among the study population, particularly among the females who must carry out domestic chores and water fetching in an environment of open air pollution.

Background: Since we are moving towards competency based medical education, reflective practices are becoming relevant. Before introducing these new education systems, it is better to assess the perception, knowledge and practice of reflective learning among graduates. Hence the study was planned with following
Objectives: 1. To understand the perception about reflective learning and writing among interns. 2. To assess the knowledge about reflective learning and writing among interns. 3. To evaluate the practice of reflective learning and writing among interns.
Material and methods: A cross sectional study was designed. Study population included all the interns (72) worked in Academy of Medical Sciences during study period. A semi-structured interview format was used to collect data. Likert scale was used to score the answers under the three domains. Content analysis was also done for the narratives given by participants for open ended questions.
Results: Majority of interns (95% and 98% respectively) have satisfactory perception score and knowledge score on reflective learning. But majority of interns (94%) do not have satisfactory practice of reflective writing. This is because they are not instructed to do it. Majority are willing to do it if they are guided. They think that it can be introduced into undergraduate curriculum and log book writing during internship.
Conclusion: There will be acceptance to reflective learning and writing if it is introduced into curriculum.

Objective: Study is to analyze the factors that influence the performance of lecturers in carrying out the teaching and learning process, especially in the internship and thesis programs in the Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lambung Mangkurat and efforts that must be made to improve lecturer performance and service in the guidance process to college student.

Sample: The sample in this study was taken from a total population of 30 permanent educators/lecturers.

Methods: The study also used the survey method with the aid of the questionnaire as the main instrument of data collection.

Results: The most age groups as scientific papers and Internship supervisors are the 30-37 year age group (47.3%). The education of respondents who are mentors for internships and Eastern Indonesia is mostly educated S2 (73.7%). The working period of the respondents who become the intern and guidance counselor as large is included in the old category (78.9%). The perception of scientific papers guidance performance shown is the perception of performance in the good category (100%). The perception of the performance of apprenticeship guidance shown is the perception of performance in the good category (100%). Perceptions of motivation of respondents who become mentors for internships are all in the high category (100%). The guiding satisfaction by the respondents is all in the category of feeling satisfied with the benefits received (100%). Perception of scientific papers guidance supervision and internships all have good perceptions of scientific papers guidance and internships (100%).

Nursing Graduates of the Bataan Peninsula State University may probably recite genuinely by heart the vision and mission statement of their Alma matter for the Bachelor of Science in Nursing Degree as they articulate the College Goals and Objectives in the current professional affiliations. But if someone asked what transpire them to the engagement of the professional works into the delivery of quality graduates of nursing may give them a feeling apprehension that these goals and objectives of their program may not be well articulated. This attempt of exploring the level awareness and acceptance to the new Vision and Mission of the Bataan Peninsula State University would engage them in understanding the old and the new proposal for the college goals and objectives. Thus, providing traverse journey on realizing the vision and mission of the university. The study recommends that continuous recruitment in the analysis of the stakeholders perspectives most especially the alumni as it has been established since 1990’s that it must be routinely reviewed and strengthen the contact between alumni thru college activities like extensions and research works. Likewise, students and faculty members must be able to experience in their learning in particular to their curriculum that the VMGO must be evident using the new framework of outcomes based education. For the industry partners, the job descriptions, duties and responsibilities sin incorporation this in their standards of work may be considered. University personnel especially the administrative department must give full support in the financial assistance to deploy this endeavor of disseminating strongly the college VMGO. Lastly the adopted communities must be given a good avenue for them to well learn the VMGO and live with it. A focused group discussion may helpful to assert their knowledge.

Background: The pattern of safety management in higher education centres can prevent the complications caused by harmful issues to students and bring their potential talents closer to perfection. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of designing a safety management pattern in higher education centres of Iran in year of 2016.
Study design and methods: The present study was a descriptive study from qualitative type. This study was conducted in 3 independent phases including: (evaluating theoretical concepts for evaluating safety management models in educational and non-educational organizations of the world, developing an initial model by determining the points of sharing and differentiation of the evaluated models and validating the safety management pattern using the Delphi technique). Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, and mean) by SPSS-22 software were used to analyse quantitative data and the consensus of experts was used for analysing qualitative data.
Results: In the first stage, 111 indexes were identified by reviewing the studies and evaluating the safety models in the world’s educational and non-educational organizations for the 12 main categories of safety management model. In the Delphi phase, with 82% reliability, 82 components were identified as a key index of the safety management framework in higher education centres of Iran. Also, the average mean of participants’ views on the dimensions of the Safety Management Framework for Higher Education Centres has been 4.32, with the highest average mean related to the dimension of the facility and the firefighting department with a mean of 4.59 and the lowest for the student dimension with mean of 4.10.
Conclusion: The indexes presented in this study will provide a fairly complete tool for designing safety management in higher education centres, which by applying it will provide a good opportunity to improve the performance of these systems over time. Therefore, it is essential to establish a safety management system in higher education centres with command lines and delegating authorities and organizational and legal tools.

The ultimate objective of any research in medical field is to benefit the patients. Therefore, it is important to present the study findings in a way to facilitate adoption of patient centered approach in OPDs. Most of the research data published on interventional studies shows the change in mean scores and reflects overall group wise impact. There is less focus on the effect of an intervention on symptom wise changes in the health of status of individual patients. The objective of this article is to suggest a different way for summarizing results of few intervention studies including that of the authors. Data from three Indian studies was taken. These studies have tabulated category wise result of shift in the symptom status of individual patients. In one of the study, 3 cases of moderate severity remained so in the same category even after intervention. Similarly, 20 mild cases remained mild and 1 severe case remained severe and so on. In this method of tabulating raw data, each case is entered in one cell only. Such an information is not reflected in the data format used in Tables where no inference can be drawn regarding the patients who did or didn’t respond to the intervention, e.g., their profile, compliance level etc. In nutshell, what worked and what did not work for the patients can be found out.

Background: Caregiving youth are minors providing significant assistance to relatives or household members who have chronic physical or mental illnesses and disabilities, yet in the US are relatively under supported.

Objective: We sought to introduce a hospital-based model for screening, referral, and intervention among a population of children who care for siblings with chronic and often complex medical conditions.

Methods: A descriptive, quantitative analysis was followed by a two-phase intervention (focus group and caregiver workshop) utilizing qualitative analysis in an academic children's hospital. Screening sites included the inpatient complex care team and three outpatient clinics.

Results: Sibling caregivers (N=21) spent an average of 2 hours a day on weekdays and 4 hours a day on weekends caring for a brother or sister with a chronic health condition. Common activities of daily living included: helping with mobility, bathing, dressing, and toileting. Advanced tasks included: giving medication, managing oxygen delivery, gastrostomy tube care, suctioning or medical interpreting. We applied the stress process and transition conceptual framework in analyzing emergent themes from dialogue with sibling caregivers and parents.

Conclusion: Key beneficial elements of our hospital-based intervention program identified by participants included: structured family-based dialogue, stress management techniques, and a peer-support environment. Interventions that target both the parent and caregiving sibling, with the goal of strengthening family communication, enhancing sense of community and understanding, and nurturing coping repertoires may help promote sibling caregiver resilience.

Introduction: Pressure ulcer incidence rate continuously increase alarming-both community and hospital acquired. Nurses’ response may have an important role in pressure ulcer prevention. This study aims to assess the oncology nurses’ attitude, knowledge and perceived barriers towards pressure ulcer prevention and identify the type of pressure ulcer training they had attended.
Method: The respondents of this study are oncology nurses working in Comprehensive Cancer Center. A cross-sectional descriptive research survey and convenience sampling technique was used. This study involved 118 nurses from cancer center.
Result: A positive attitude (mean=51.18%) was reported by oncology nurses concerning pressure ulcer prevention with a high frequency of agreement to the positive statements. The condition of the patient was the leading perceived barrier to a proper assessment of pressure ulcer (76%) and followed by appropriate application of prevention measures (67%). Lack of time, lack of cooperation, lack of staff also was reported as hindrances. In-service and lectures topped the educational training they had attended.
Conclusion: Oncology nurses have a positive attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention. Nurses' positive response may be utilized to achieve the overall goal of decreasing incidence and recurrence of pressure ulcer among cancer patients. Though some trends may be deemed inevitable, continuous education and innovative approach may be implemented to help in fulfilling the roles and responsibilities set for each nurse working in a clinical setting.

Voluntary Consulting and Testing (VCT) is one of the important strategies planned and implemented to fight against the spread of HIV.

Objectives: To assess the existing knowledge, attitude and utilization of VCTC services among the college students.

Methodology: Quasi experimental study was conducted among 400 college students (200 in experimental and 200 in control group) from the selected colleges of Pondicherry. Pretest was given to both the groups and Video teaching was shown only to the experimental group students. Posttest was conducted after 8 days of pretest and at 1 month and at 3 month to assess the utilization of VTC.

Result and findings: The distribution of the demographic characteristics of college students shows that 58% and 53.5% of the students were in the age group of 19 to 20 years in the experimental and control group respectively. The mean pretest knowledge score of the college students was 19.6 ± 5.17 and 20.75 ± 6.47 whereas the posttest mean knowledge score is 29.44 ± 4.36 and 12.96 ± 8.56 in the experimental and Control group respectively. The pretest attitude score was 36.77 ± 6.01 and 39.78 ± 5.66 whereas the posttest mean attitude score is 45.93 ± 6.32 and 36.6 ± 5.43 in the experimental and control group respectively.

Conclusion: Video teaching on VCTC has the impact on improvement in the knowledge, attitude and utilization of the VCT services.

Background: Zoonotic diseases are substantial global public health burden from the risk linked among humans, animal populations and the surrounding environment as “One Health” issue.
Objective: This study was aimed to assess community knowledge on selected zoonotic diseases and attitude towards One Health approach in and around Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.
Methodology: simple random sampling technique. Interview was used to collect community knowledge on selected zoonosis and attitude towards One Health approach. For responses given, a score of 1 was given for each knowledgeable and positive attitude response and 0 for unsure responses.
Results: The majority (84.2%) were knowledgeable on rabies as viral zoonosis. Almost similar, 30.2%, 29.9% and 12.6% of participants were knowledgeable about bovine tuberculosis, anthrax and brucellosis from bacterial zoonosis in descending order. Again 36.1%, 18.3% and 17.7% of participants were knowledgeable about taeniasis, manage and echinococcosis from parasitic zononosis respectively. Only 26.0% were awarded ring worm from fungal zoonosis. Very few (8.7%) awarded bovine mastitis from multifactorial zoonosis. Significantly higher (84.2%; OR=56.0; 95% OR CI=36.2-86.9) are knowledgeable about zoonotic risk of rabies compared to other assessed disease. However, the majorities (78.47%) of the respondents had positive attitude towards One Health approach for collaboration activities of health sectors but the remaining 21.53% were not. Similarity in community attitudes towards One Health approach were observed within age categories (p=0.454) but significant differences were observed between gender (p=0.023), among education status (p=0.001) and among the professional profiles (p=0.001) of studies population.
Conclusion: The result calls for organized outreach One Health approach based community education and awareness creation on the knowledge, associated risk factors of zoonotic disease.