细胞学与组织学杂志

Ribosome and protein synthesis are central to cell growth and major users of the cellular budget.In this paper, we discuss recent advances in the coupling of ribosome synthesis and translational capacity with bacterial cell growth.We discuss the various strategies used by bacteria to modulate protein synthesis rates at fast and slow growth rates.Bacterial cells,in particular,maintain translational potential at very slow growth as a strategy for maintaining fitness in changing environments.We also discuss the critical role of ribosome synthesis in rapidly proliferating eukaryotic cells like yeast and cancer cells.The close relationship between ribosomes and cell growth opens up a wide range of research opportunities for scientists from various disciplines.'The dream of every cell is to become two cells,' said Francois Jacob.Growth is a basic characteristic of many cell types, including bacterial cells,yeast cells,and cancer cells.Bacterial cells rarely encounter stable nutrient-rich conditions in their natural niche, instead frequently undergoing feast-and-famine cycles (see Glossary),and this process can be mimicked in the laboratory by varying the combinations of nutrient sources.Understanding how bacterial cells adapt to different environments, on the other hand, remains a major challenge in biology.

Many embryonic organs undergo epithelial morphogenesis, which results in the formation of tree-like hierarchical structures. However,it is unknown what drives the budding and branching of stratified epithelia,such as those found in the embryonic salivary gland and pancreas.We used single-cell resolution live-organ imaging of mouse embryonic salivary glands to show that budding morphogenesis is driven by the expansion and folding of a distinct epithelial surface cell sheet characterised by strong cell-matrix adhesions and weak cell-cell adhesions.Profiling of this epithelium's single-cell transcriptomes revealed transcriptional spatial patterns that underpin these cell adhesion differences.We then recreated budding morphogenesis in 3D spheroid cultures of engineered cells by suppressing E-cadherin expression and inducing basement membrane formation, which required b1-integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion for successful budding.

Of all primary thyroid neoplasm, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the commonest one. Beside the conventional PTC, there are various histological variants, among them columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC-CCV), which is a rare entity that demonstrates a more aggressive clinical course compared with the other variants of PTC. Cytologically, its diagnosis is by exclusion of any cellular papillary fragments whereas, histologically by its unique features. Methods: A total of twelve thyroidectomies mainly of PTC-CCV with their preoperative FNAC were included and collected over a 5-year period. All the aspirated materials were stained previously by H&E stains. Results: All cases were demonstrating the presence of papillary malignant structures. Majority of the studied cases FNAC was revealing hypercellularity with variable superposition in association with paucity of nuclear pseudoinclusions and grooves.