健康与医学信息学杂志

In recent years, as a result of advanced computer technology and internet resources, the interest in VR and surgical simulations has seen an increase in the healthcare domain. Virtual reality (VR), one of the modern tools that have emerged from IT, has been integrated in many hospital training programs. So far, however, there are no intensive studies with focus on investigating factors such as critical success factors (CSFs) for VR success within the healthcare context, especially in the ophthalmology domain. There are several factors that healthcare providers or designers need to consider during the implementation of VR in the healthcare domain. This paper aims to identify VR based training CSFs that motivate the ophthalmologist surgeons to adopt VR as an alternative tool for acquiring, maintaining and improving skills. This paper presents a systematic review of literature on VR based training in an ophthalmology context. In total, 59 studies published between 2006 and 2017 in 6 indexed journals were analysed. 86 CSFs were identified as significant ones for any adoption of VRT. Based on papers in different disciplines, CSFs were categorized into the 6 broad categories of HCI/VR Features, Learning Outcome, Usability, Control and Active Learning, Student and Limitation Factors, each containing one to four sub-categories. Finally, insightful practice and theory recommendations for further research have been provided for healthcare providers, researchers as well as for designers.

Asthma is the episodic and most chronic disease that exists worldwide. Factors that trigger asthma are allergens, pollens, cigarette smoke, dust, mites, and animal dander, cockroaches and food. A increased knowledge of asthma, its causes and prevention influence the researchers to find out new and improved medication therapies for future to serve asthma patients is a great opportunity for ambulatory care pharmacists. A questionnaire based, cross-sectional study was planned for this research. Questionnaires were standardized based on common research or they can be customized to meet the specific data gathering need. The study was conducted at five different hospitals of Lahore, Children hospital Lahore, Jinnah hospital Lahore, General hospital Lahore, Social security hospital Lahore and Chaudhary Muhammad Akram teaching and research hospital Lahore. The results indicated that 85% of population is suffering from asthma. 91.5% of population is any taking medication for asthma. Most recently used medication for asthma are inhalers i.e. 80% and inhaled corticosteroids i.e. 82%.Patients are taking medication therapies for asthma but most commonly used are inhalers and steroids. Education provided by pharmacist about asthma was an integral part of health maintenance services its management to control or prevent further attacks because of his knowledge in pathophysiology pharmacology and medication techniques of asthma. Pharmacist driven medication therapy management services were economically stabilized.