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Background: Recent publications indicate that eclampsia (convulsions associated with hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy) may occur without the classical clinical signs of hypertension and proteinuria. Such cases labelled atypical eclampsia can occur for the first time antenatal, intrapartum or 48 hours after but within four weeks of childbirth in the absence of hypertension and proteinuria. Raising awareness of atypical eclampsia may improve the clinical management including appropriate investigations.
Objectives: To describe the prevalence and maternal and perinatal outcome of atypical eclampsia in a rural northern KwaZulu-Natal Province. Methods: This was a chart review of cases diagnosed as eclampsia admitted to a regional hospital serving 19 maternity clinics and 17 district hospitals in northern Kwa Zulu-Natal over a 2 year period (2016-2017). The details of those cases considered be atypical were analysed.
Results: There were 168 cases of eclampsia; seven cases had atypical eclampsia giving an incidence of 4.2%. Convulsions occurred antenatal in four cases (57.1%); intrapartum in two (28.6%) and postpartum in one case (14.3%). Six (85.7%) were referred from district hospitals, and all six received antenatal care; the seventh case had antenatal care at a clinic. The mean age was 20.4 years (range: 16-29); 42.9% were 16-19 years old. Four (57.1%) were primigravida and there was one maternal death. Surprisingly there was no evidence of neurological imaging studies.
Conclusion: This study confirms that atypical eclampsia is an uncommon finding at the study site. Of concern is the lack of imaging studies to exclude neurological causes of the convulsions.

Background: The emerging pandemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) creates a new frontier for health professionals globally. Most of the forecasted increase in NCDs prevalence and death rates can be accounted for by emerging NCDs epidemics in developing countries.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of NCDs risk factors among adults Patients visiting the different health clinics in private and governmental levels of Kandahar City.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 300 patients visiting different governmental hospitals from November 2015 to February 2016. The questionnaire for the survey was developed with minor adaptation of WHO STEP wise Surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire. Risk factors were presented in descriptive manner. Descriptive statistics were presented using SPSS 21.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 42.4 years. Of the total, 200 (66.6%) were males and 100 (33.3%) were female. Most of NCDs factors were also prevalent in Kandahar province. Most prevalent NCDs risk factors were tobacco consumption, low physical activity, poor consumption of fruits and vegetables, obesity. We also found that NCDs risk factors were more common among wealthy individuals.

Conclusion: Non-Communicable Diseases are the major health problem in developed countries. Nowadays it is becoming the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Afghanistan. NCDs are causing serious harms to the society both in terms of health and economy. Most of the risk factors of NCDs were also prevalent in Kandahar population.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate frequency ACE I/D polymorphism with control of hypertension in the no athlete population.

Method: A total of 72 University normotensive students (aged 22 ± 1.2 years) were included in the study. DNA extraction from was collected through buccal swabs and was used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to observer the polymorphism of ACE gene amplify by electrophoresis. ACE I/D genotype frequencies were determined for the students groups.

Result: The average age was approximately 22 years (range 18-29 years). The genotype distribution in students no athletes was 11 (18.1%) homozygous for the allele I, 41 (58.8%) heterozygous I/D, and 20 (29.2%) homozygous for the allele D.

Conclusion: These results suggest that normotensive students exposed to environmental, genetic and lifestyle factors may have influenced genetic variations that may be useful genetic markers in clinical practice.