精神障碍和治疗

Presacral Ganglioneuroma is an extremely rare tumor arising from sympathetic ganglion cells. As per our knowledge less than 20 cases have been reported previously in the world. We present a case reports on a Presacral Ganglioneuroma in 2 year old male child. He was admitted to our pediatric ward with complain of abdominal pain. Abdominal Ultrasound and computed tomography confirmed large pelvic mass with enlarged lymph nodes and extents of the lesion from the S1 level to the coccyx with intraspinal extension. We emphasize on radiologic appearance and pathological features of this rare entity.

Two factors have much role in diagnostic of damaged needs and also effect field of traumatic events, they are Superego and missing. Superego is generally part of Ego teen orientation for losing effects of traumatic events. Missing is generally effect of teen beliefs that these beliefs act on unconscious mode. Whatever therapist more accesses to Patient's Ego teen orientation he can more near to teen beliefs. Time, ideology, environmental conditions have much role in treatment assessment. Anything patient says that they were strange, these articles sure concluded from his teen beliefs. When patient gets in maximum proximity with himself teen beliefs, on unconscious mode, he senses pain (or..) in part of himself body that this part had been involved in traumatic event occurrence and also in conversation with therapist, patient himself cites almost reasons for right conclusions about factors that involved in traumatic event occurrence. In this article took two examples until treatment process becomes clearer.

There is increasing evidence that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is mediated by genetic factors. Although the precise mechanism of inheritance is unclear, recent evidence has pointed towards the involvement of the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the disorder's development. Objectives: To examine the clinical profile of symptoms in obsessive compulsive patients and their first and second degree relatives. Subjects and Methods: This study was designed in the Institute of psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospitals. After signing an informed consent form, all the subjects 23 patients and 19 relatives were diagnosed according to DSM-IV and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID I) and General Health Questionaire for psychiatric morbidity. Severity of OCD symptoms was assessed using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Symptom analysis was done on four symptom factor levels and presenting symptoms. Results: Showed 15 OCD patients had positive family history of psychiatric illness. 19 of their relatives showed 11 had OCD, 6 had psychosis and 3 had depression. The most prevalent symptom in OCD patients and their relatives was washing compulsions and religious obsessions. Conclusion: Genetic factors account for most of OCD symptoms in patients diagnosed with the disorder. Environmental factors also play a role in how these symptoms are expressed by observational learning.

Background: Happiness is known as one of the most important mental needs of human. Nursing is one of the stressful jobs in healthcare facing many occupational stressors. Happiness is beneficial in reducing stress and adjusting to the environment. Regarding this fact, this study was conducted to evaluate happiness in nurses in a general hospital. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the subjects included 73 randomly selected nurses at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. Data were gathered using Fordyce happiness scale and demographic questions. Descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and t-test were used to statistically analyze the data. Results: The mean value of happiness was 68 ± 0.37. There was no significant correlation between happiness and demographic characteristics such as age (P=0.81), gender (P=0.24), marital status (P=0.36), job history (P=0.62), and educational level (P=0.63). However, the relationship between happiness and workplace was significant (P=0.045). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, happiness could not be generalized to all the nurses, however, nurses were shown to have a good state of happiness while it was affected by their workplace. Health care providers should be concerned about the personnel happiness and provide proper interventions in order to alleviate mental health problems among the nurses, especially those working in intensive care units.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is DNA virus that can cause end-organ disease in patients with advanced immunosuppression end-organ disease in patients with advanced immunosuppression In HIV-infected persons, CMV can infect the GI tract, liver, lung, and nervous system We report rare case of an HIV-infected patient who presented with CMV encephalitis with brain stem involvement without evidence of CMV retinitis two weeks after initiation of ART.