电信系统与管理

Nowadays many people are using online financial transactions. This transaction needs to be secure. A rapid growth in E-Commerce market is seen in recent time throughout the world. With the ever-increasing use of online shopping, Debit or Credit card fraud and personal information security are major concerns for customers, merchants and banks specifically in the case of CNP (Card Not Present). This paper presents a new technique for providing limited data only that is required for fund transfer during online shopping thereby safeguarding customer data and to overcome these problems using visual cryptography.

Visual Cryptography is a secret sharing scheme which owns the technique of sharing the visual information. The Captcha (image) is getting divided into two shares. The basic idea is that the secret captcha is divided into two irregular patterns of images called shares and they can be unraveled without any complicated cryptographic computation.

In this paper, Cognitive radio technology is used to improve spectrum utilization and also to address the spectrum scarcity problem in the wireless networks. To fully utilize the primary spectrum and maximize the spectral efficiency, overlay and underlay transmissions, which exploits the white and gray spaces respectively, should be used together. Interference mitigation is a major issue in underlay networks and spectrum sensing is a crucial function in overlay networks. In the proposed work the entire spectrum is used for underlay transmission to minimize the PU interference and the spectrum holes are used for overlay transmission to maximize the data rate. An efficient green power control algorithm for hybrid overlay/underlay cognitive radio network is proposed. The performance (total achievable Bit error rate and throughput) of the proposed algorithm will be analyzed using MATLAB.

In this paper, the cell innovation and the remote correspondence innovation is creating and enhancing quickly. The reception apparatus goes about as the scaffold between the client terminal and the base station controller. Being a key segment of the remote correspondence framework, the reception apparatus’ fundamental capacity is to communicate and to get electromagnetic waves. It will, to an expansive degree, influence the quality and the speed of the correspondence. With the advancing of the reception apparatus innovation, the versatile terminal gadgets have developed from the unique specialized devices to exceptionally intellectualized types of gear. The imparted content was likewise expanded, as there are presently FM programs, TV shows and web. All these, be that as it may, conveys requesting benchmarks to the reception apparatus. For instance, it requires a considerably higher data transmission and best exhibitions from the reception apparatus to help the complex applications and correspondence capacity of the versatile terminals. Furthermore, the correspondence system’s convenient terminal has almost bolted the position of the recieving wire, which requests that the span of the radio wire must be downscaled. The control of the wave speed, shape and its directivity can be typically streamlined by enhancing the radiation qualities of the recieving wires, which will help the general execution of a framework. In along these lines, additionally enhanced are the channel limit and the recurrence use proportion. This paper, starting with the presentation of the improvement status of the remote correspondence framework and the radio wires, contemplates a portion of the plans of new reception apparatuses. With that review, this paper likewise breaks down the advancement heading fitting to current correspondence framework and the important gadgets, and in addition the structure adjustment and pattern of reception apparatuses.

Unlike 4G LTE and its predecessor technologies, 5G evolution comprises of many other advanced use cases apart from conventional mobile broadband. With the introduction of 5G technology, networks will incrementally evolve to higher throughput and low latency. To assist such high capacity datarate, reliability and low latency, microwave back haul is a viable solution. With 5G rollout it is expected that E bands usage will continue to grow. Since 5G incorporates microwave bands, it is also expected that the microwave spectrum for fixed wireless network will go through a major transformation.

The efficiency of utility networks played an important role to attract the new customers and to attach the existing customers with the services. Utility services may belong to provide electricity services, telecommunication, gas supply etc. In telecommunication industry, network elements that installed in ground having direct impact on the number of customers. Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is not only the giant telecom service provider and backbone of country’s telecommunication infrastructure but also it played an important role in the economy of the country. It has the largest fixed line network but due to many reasons a large number of customers are shifted from landline connections to other cellular services. From this study it is concluded that approximate 60% network elements have bad, 19% network elements have an average jumpering status within the installed units. As far as physical status is concerned 40% of the network elements have bad physical condition means that the unit becomes rusty or damaged. All such factors are responsible to create noise or cross talking in the landline connection that results the reducing number of customers. GIS is an effective tool which is being used throughout the world to monitor the efficiency of installed network that’s why intelligent maps are developed in this study through GIS techniques to point out the affected areas