疟疾控制和消除

Natural product biodiversity provides a large supply of drug discovery leads. Natural products are thought to be more likely to produce therapeutic hits because they have a higher number of stereo centres, which increases scaffold diversity provided by organic structures with more fused, bridging, and Spiro carbocyclic rings. The effective separation of resveratrol from grapes has highlighted the benefits of red wine consumption in supporting metabolic health, implying medicinal promise as a therapy for metabolic disorders. Natural products or their semisynthetic derivatives account for over 40% of all pharmaceuticals, 60% of anticancer drugs, and 80% of antimicrobials in clinical use. The emerging trends in pharmaceutical development are synthetic forms of natural products.

Background: Malaria is the world's commonest and life threatening tropical diseases.It is one of the top three causes of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa,including Sudan. If not treated within 24 hours, malaria can progress into fatal severe illness. Early diagnosis and treatment reduces disease, prevents deaths and can contribute to the reduction of malaria transmission.

Objectives: To assess the association between ages, tribe, clinical manifestation of severs malaria and outcome in ED-Dueim Teaching Hospital, Sudan.

Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional, hospital based study conducted at ED-Dueim teaching hospital, during the period from September 2020 up to February 2021. Included all pediatric patients diagnosed with severe malaria admitted to the hospital during study period (n=177patients). Data collected by using questionnaire, then analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) computer program.

Results: Majority of patients 73.4% were with age group 0-5 years old , followed by 13.6% within age group 5-10 years old, 51% of patients were male and 49% were female, the most common tribes were Hassania represent 25.4% of patients, followed by Hawsa 14%, Dewahia 13%, Hassanat 6.8%, and 5.6% were Nuba. All patients presented with hyperpyrexia, 73.4% presented with hyperparacytemia, 39.5% with frequent vomiting, and 24.9% with severe anemia, then convulsion, hypoglycemia, jaundice, impaired consciousness, renal impairment and prostration. 51.4% of patients have normal plts count, 48.% have low Plts count while only 0.6% have high plts count. Among patients, 79.1% received Quinine, 12.4% were received Artesunate, while 6.8% received quinine then shifted to Artesunate.

Conclusion: Majority of patients were with age group 0-5 years old, Male, from Hassania and Hawsa tribes. The commonest criteria of severe malaria among patients were hyperpyrexia, hyperparacytemia, and frequent vomiting. Quinine was the first choice for severe malaria treatment.