Indra Mani and Kavita Vasdev
The development of various new kinds of sensors for the accurate detection of biomarkers in biological fluids and environmental samples are of greatest importance for the early diagnosis of diseases and to avoid the contamination of environment through pollutants, toxic and biohazardous materials. Sensitivity limits of biosensor have increased due to developments of new biological methods like tagging of fluorescence molecule with nanomaterials. Moreover, usage of peptide arrays, aptamers, antibodies, nucleotides and molecule fixed polymers, facilitate to improve advanced biosensors over conventional approaches. Several biosensors ranging from nanomaterials, polymers to microbes have broader potential applications. Generally, biosensor has been organized into several categories containing diverse sensing arrangements such as mechanical, optical and electrical transducers and modern biosensors use micro- and nanofabrication tools, as either label-free or labeled. This review provides an overview of recent developments and applications of biosensors in the fields of biomedical sciences and environmental monitoring, along with the better detection limit and improved sensitivity of the biosensors.
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