癌症科学与治疗

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Understanding the molecular basis of life is at the center today, however, advances in the field of Molecular
Biology and genomics improved the compassionate of the genetic basis of diseases in human. There is an
increased interest in the function of non-coding RNA transcripts in early diagnosis and treatment to various
diseases. MicroRNAs are classes of small non-coding RNAs that consist of 22-25 nucleotides, which are one of the
most current forms of molecular characterization of tumours. The target MicroRNA regulates the mRNA translation
that causes the subsequent decrease in the protein expression. This paper aims to review some of the accumulated
literature that has proven that miRNAs are strong biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of life threatening diseases
such as cancer.

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??????????RIZ1 ?????????? CML ????????????
????? RIZ1 ?????? CML ??????????????????

Two different polysaccharides produced by Bacillus species and Pseudomonas species were investigated for
their anticancer activities against Human Breast cancer cell lines and colon cancer cell lines. Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus was purely polysaccharide where as Pseudomonas formed Polysaccharide-Peptide complex. Bacillus polysaccharide were highly active at its low concentration of 7.8 μg/ml by inducing Bax, a death promoting protein,Caspase-3 which induces the caspase cascade of apoptosis and PARP. The Polysaccharides of Bacillus species was active with -P53, Bax, lesser extent to Bcl-xl, Caspase, PARP and β-Actin, where as interestingly the inhibitory effect of EPS from Pseudomonas increased after protease digestion suggesting that the inhibitory effect is due to carbohydrate rather than protein. The result of DNA fragmentation was confirmed by DNA ladder assay, we conclude that exopolysaccharide from bacteria has high potential at its low concentration, as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of Breast cancer cells without any cytotoxicity against normal cells.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents; however, it causes dose-dependent
cardiotoxicity. Evaluation of left ventricular function relies on measurements based on M-mode echocardiography.
A new technique based on quantification of myocardial motion and deformation, strain echocardiography, has
been showed promising profile for early detection of cardiac dysfunction. Different therapy strategies, such as
flavonoid plant extracts and stem cells, have been investigated to improve heart function in toxic cardiomyopathy.
This work aimed to assess early cardiac function improvement after treatments with either flavonoid extract from
Camellia sinensis or mesenchymal stem cells in Dox cardiotoxicity using strain echocardiography. Twenty Wistar
rats were randomly assigned to four groups. They received water (control, Dox, Dox + stem cells) or 100 mg/kg
C. sinensis extract (Dox + C. sinensis) via gavage, daily, for four weeks. Animals also received saline (control)
or 5 mg/kg doxorubicin (Dox, Dox + C. sinensis, Dox + stem cells) via intraperitoneal injection, weekly, for four
weeks. Stem cells were injected (3 × 106 cells) through tail vein prior the beginning of the experiment (Dox + stem
cells). Animals were evaluated by hematological, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and histopathological
examinations. Dox cardiotoxicity was only diagnosed with strain echocardiography, detecting a decrease in
ventricular function. C. sinensis extract did not prevent ventricular dysfunction induced by Dox. However, strain
echocardiography examination revealed that Dox cardiotoxicity was significantly suppressed in rats treated with
stem cells. In conclusion, strain echocardiography was able to detect precocity signs of heart failure and stem cell
therapy showed cardioprotection effect against Dox cardiotoxicity.