阿拉伯商业与管理评论杂志

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the need to implement certain measures, such as the declaration of a state of emergency in Japan, in order to prevent the spread of infection. This has led to widespread medical damage (death, severe illness, and sequelae) and economic damage (bankruptcy, business closures, and unemployment). People have also developed a fear of becoming infected with the disease. The economic losses have led to negative effects such as a rise in domestic violence, increased prevalence of depression, education stagnation resulting from school closures, and loneliness due to limited face-to-face interactions. In this study, we estimated the social costs of the COVID-19 pandemic and clarified the nature of people’s behavioral changes. This research is important for evaluating the policies that have been implemented so far to combat infectious diseases. The study focused on the relation between behavioral changes and the recognition of social cost. It was hypothesized that behavioral change is more prevalent among people who do not recognize the social cost of measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we clarified the factors that determine the evaluation of policies, and those that determine the abovementioned societal changes in consciousness that serve as the basis for behavioral changes based on support or disapproval of the Swedish strategy.

Before accreditation, hospitals in Lebanon adopted different clinical protocols, which have led to differences in medical treatment provided, and this is compounded by the lack of transparent policies and procedures at the administrative, financial and clinical levels. In May 2000 when accreditation began its work by putting standards that must be applied in each department to get better output, quality become more and more crucial. But still we have a scale and gap of quality gutted from different hospitals especially in each department. So, my topic focused on the importance of quality in healthcare sector and the crucial role of integration between different departments in hospital to ensure a better quality, safety, performance, efficiency, satisfaction (quality dimensions). Many issues such as staff shortage, inflation and service demand have intensified the call for more efficient and effective use of resources through integrated system. Integrated health systems are widely considered to provide superior performance in terms of quality and safety as a result of effective communication and standardized protocols, but these outcomes have not been fully demonstrated. Despite the growing enthusiasm, and the attractive outcome for integration, information related to implementing and evaluating integration-related initiatives is dispersed and not easily accessible. There is a need to seek out and apply current knowledge on health systems integration to advance effective service delivery and get more focus on all quality dimensions that lead to better outcome in healthcare sector. This is why every hospital should focus on Quality and its different dimensions such as communication, safety, organizational structure and must know the importance of integration between its departments.