阿拉伯商业与管理评论杂志

So essential and imperative is national development plans to the success of any nation. If any country desires to attain sustainable economic growth and development, be it developed or developing, it must make plans for its goals and objectives. Since colonial period and after, Nigeria has committed itself on series of national development plans in order to attain sustainable economic growth and development. It is not a denying fact that Nigeria efforts towards development plans have not been achieved and also improves its economic situation. Over time, this has been proved from economic indicators such as increase in rate of unemployment, short life expectancy ratio, lack of infrastructural facilities and absolute poverty as a result of the spillover effect of its development plans to instill results. The main objective of this research work is to overview some of the previous Nigerian development plans and pin-point out the militating factors that serve as deterrent to the achievement of development plans in the country. This research work sourced its materials through secondary sources of materials. However, competent development expert, corruption free society, political leadership, harmonization and efficient resource allocation are part of the remedies or motor for a successful and sustainable national development plans.

Venezuela’s government and the media have an intertwined relationship; the government controls the media and the media influences the government. Utilizing data collected from the International Social Survey Programmer (ISSP), this study focused on Venezuelan’s history with the media and its citizens perception about which group influences the governments’ actions. The data indicated that the military and the media are the two most influential entities. A discussion and implications of these findings is included.

Patient’s advocate-the Nursing fraternity has always been the rock wall of healthcare system. The team led by Florence Nightingale had much to the calibre! The professional ethics of continuous care for sick, injured, disabled and dying has been guiding the mainstream sufficiently well. Came the time and nobody asked them. Then came a time, they stood as saviours… it’s a full circle! This article draws the line of what in HRM issues flagged off for the nurses during the SARS COv 2 infection, the global pandemic.

Green bonds are issued to raise money to finance climate or environmental projects. The green bond market started in 2007 with less than $1 billion and has been growing fast to $270 billion by 2020. The pricing of green bonds in the primary market has attracted much attention. The paper “Survey of Green Bond Pricing and Investment Performance.” Surveyed the literature and showed that several publications provided evidence of green premium, some did not support such conclusion, and there is also evidence of mixed results. In addition, Liaw also examined investment returns from select green bond funds and green bond indexes. The paper provided clear summary of publications on green bond pricing at issuance but did not evaluate each of the theoretical models that produced the reported findings. The green bond market is expected to continue the impressive growth. The specific issue, the market environment, and investor demand will continue to impact on the pricing in the primary market and the trading in the secondary market.

The importance of organization is to realize its full potential by rendering services and meeting its set objectives and aims, so many concept defines what an organization is but in a simple term, organization is the process of setting a goal or some objectives with the hope of assembling different individuals or group of individuals, enlightening them and creating a bond between or among them so they can gear their efforts, skills and abilities towards realization of the objectives that brought them together. Numerous organizational theories came in to tackle the problems of low productivity, profit maximization and the issues regarding organizational inefficiency and ineffectiveness and other relating problems. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of the human relations theory and theory X and Y as an approach that can help solve the conundrum of modern day’s organization, although with the emergence of new approaches to organization, human relations theories and theory X and Y should not be sideline. Both theories also suffers some criticism but they are more achievable in modern day and since the human relations theory laid the foundation for human resources management, the research recommend that the theories should be used to harmonize the work workforce of the organization and responsibilities should be given to the workers, the need to workers to be appreciated should not be neglected. Related journals, textbooks, publications and other reference materials were used in the course of this research work.