阿拉伯商业与管理评论杂志

The paper studies the impact of competitive strategies and innovation on firm performance. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire designed on a five point liker scale. One hundred and fifty employees, mainly those in charge of operations up to Chief Executive Officers who were knowledgeable about competitive strategies participated. Fifty firms operating in textile and clothing manufacturing provided the basis for the research. The structural equation modeling was employed using the least squares. The results show that focus and differentiation strategies have a positive direct relationship with firm performance and innovation. However cost leadership has indirect relationship with firm performance and a positive relationship with innovation which in turn improves firm performance. Implementation of the three generic strategies enables managers to gain competitive advantage for their firms although attention needs to be paid to innovation which acts as an enabler between the competitive strategies and firm performance.

Employments have risen as a vital subject in the advancement plan of most national governments and a few worldwide associations in the course of recent decades. In the created nations, tenaciously high and expanding joblessness rates have offered to ascend to restored worry for occupation creation, while in many creating nations profitable business is viewed as a method for neediness lightening. As of late, the procedures of globalization have likewise brought about specific patterns in labour advertises in both the created and creating nations which have increased the enthusiasm for the suggestions on work of universal exchange and venture streams. In created nations, concern has been raised over the movement of employments due to redistributing and moves of cash-flow to creating nations. Then again, in the creating nations, fears have been communicated of dislodging of labourers in the up to this point ensured segments because of worldwide challenge. Anxieties have additionally been raised about the probability of an expanding number of specialists getting utilized in generally poor states of work, on low wages and without government disability, because of the businesses 'quest for cost decrease' so as to stay focused, along these lines prompting what is regularly named as the 'race to the base' in regard of work principles. The issue has along these lines accepted worldwide measurements and handling it would require universal activity. In the meantime, worldwide improvements will deliver their effects on the business circumstance inside the national economies. Likewise, it must be perceived that since the idea of the issue is significantly unique in the created and creating nations and has nation explicit measurements also, a substantial piece of the push to address the difficulty should be made at the national dimension. The Global Employment Agenda (GEA) was created by the International Labor Organization (ILO, 2003a) as a reaction to the above concerns and the test of meeting the objective of profitable and tolerable work for all. It is a piece of the technique to actualize the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially the objective of "splitting the extent of individuals whose salary is not exactly a dollar daily constantly 2015". Perceiving that business is principal in the battle against destitution and social avoidance, GEA urges governments, managers' and labourers’ associations, the private segment and common society to offer the need to full, unreservedly picked gainful work as the establishment for OK work in defining monetary and social approaches. The fundamental point of the Agenda is "to put work at the core of monetary and social arrangements". ILO sees the Agenda as a piece of its more extensive objective of Decent Work, similarly accentuating the advancement of business openings and enhancing the subjective components of work. Nature of occupations is seen both as far as efficiency and states of work. Enhancing profitability is essential to business, particularly for the ‘working poor’ that comprises a vast piece of the workforce especially in creating nations, and, in this manner, requires being the focal concentration in any neediness lightening methodology. Recognition of center work principles as a component of the states of work is seen both as a flat-out the necessity of decent work just as profitability improving variable.

The onset of COVID-19 in 2019 brought with it a slew of issues at the personal, economic, social, and mental levels. COVID–19 has proven to result in increased stress, loneliness, anxiety, and depression particularly among people already dealing with health issues. While the impact of the virus has been studied extensively, the impact of the one variable of working from home especially in a country like India with a predominantly rigid culture has been missing. Hence, the research focused on understanding the relationship between working from home and stress as well as burnout among full-time employees, particularly in the millennial age band. The research found that there is a strong positive correlation between stress and burnout where an increase in one leads to an increase in the other as well. The research also found that gender differences exist, but this is particularly in stress levels with women reporting that they feel more stressed out than their male counterparts. The research also observed that the working from home experience has been a mixed bag of ups and downs for mist however, 80% of people are still keen on continuing to work from home for at least a part of the workweek even post coronavirus.

Information Technology (IT) became a vital part of our modern-day activities. In contemporary years, the usage of IT in expediting the human resource management (HRM) activities augmented considerably. E-HRM has the ability to develop managerial competency and influence the role of Human Resources (HR) as a strategic business partner. E-HRM is essential for firms because of its encouraging effect on staff productivity. Speedy technical modifications revolved E-HRM into a substantial theoretical and professional agenda. This study delivers an exploration into the contemporary level of improvements of the theoretical knowledge connected to E-HRM. Numerous features of E-HRM, specifically descriptions of E-HRM, the academic perceptions around E-HRM, the role of E-HRM, the numerous categories of E-HRM, the requirements for effective E-HRM etc. are scrutinized. It will contribute into HRM literature and regulate the effectiveness of E-HRM and its practices. This research would support the scholars and the practitioners to have the comprehensive portrait of the modern matters linked to E-HRM. The articles concluded by delivering some suggestions for future studies.

Overtime, the social media as contributed to the development of citizen’s participation in government, as it has the potentials to create public awareness and interactions between people in a simple form and different means. Majority of citizens are users of one form of social media or the other in which they interact on daily basis and Nigeria have been experiencing bad leadership, corruption, and economic problems due to bad governance without citizen’s consensus and consent. The objective of this paper is to access the role of social media on consensus and consent building in governance as citizen’s full flagged participation will guarantee accountability, transparency and responsiveness in government. The paper made use of secondary sources of data. The paper recommends that free access to information, responsible journalism and citizen’s participation will aid in governance building.

Entrepreneurship is a multi - dimensional task and a creative activity which results in economic development if pursued
passionately. It has been a male-dominated phenomenon from the very early age but time has changed the situation and brought women as
today's most memorable and inspirational entrepreneurs transforming countries. In today`s world, women are equally competent in running
businesses but they still lag behind in spite of women empowerment initiatives by the government of Zimbabwe. In spite of having
the potential and talent to embrace entrepreneurship, women are deprived of opportunities, information and education. The main
objective of this study was to determine and assess the challenges which were being faced by women entrepreneurs that hinder their
performance and limit them to start their own enterprises. This is necessary because, despite the considerable government support and
support from private and non-governmental organizations interested in promoting gender equality in all areas (business included), many
of female-owned businesses still fail and some women still have fear to venture in entrepreneurship. In addition, an attempt was made to
understand the role of government to accelerate the growth of women entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe. Researchers in the past have
suggested that focusing on addressing women entrepreneur challenges may give their businesses a better chance of success and as a result
it will assist in making Zimbabwe a middle-income economy by 2030. The study adopted the case study methodology and 90
questionnaires were distributed to women in Gwanda community. The study concluded by giving recommendations to policy makers and
other stakeholders who have influence to women entrepreneurs.

Multi-specialization is among the main management subjects that earned important research attention and support from many scholars
and was seen as a primary method for improving organizational performance. To ensure long-term success, it is imperative to know
what the main factors which determine specialization are. This study looks the impact of multi-specialization on employee’s productivity in
telecom industry. To achieve this, primary data we used the online and self-administrative survey instrument to accumulate data. The
number of respondents was 305 from telecom sector of different Pakistan's cities. The data collected and analyzed on SPSS. The
conclusion showed that multi-specialization had a major positive impact on efficiency of employees. In addition, this research supports the
idea that multi-specialization, flexibility of work and innovation of employees have major positive implications on productivity of employees.