阿拉伯商业与管理评论杂志

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Gary J. Stockport ??????????????????????? 1995 ?? 2004 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Alex Osterwalder ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Process improvement is a constant search for opportunities to improve the processes in the daily operations of the company, and to enhance the relationships between processes. One of the concepts of continuous improvement is the Lean Management approach. Lean management is the way to achieve the perfect level of the organization through the gradual and ongoing, which is characteristic for continuous improvement approach, elimination of waste (“muda” in Japanese) and losses in all the aspects of business, and the integration of activities connected with the stream creating customer value. The approach to classification of wastes dominating in the literature comprises seven groups. The authors focused on just the last type of waste that is on the under-utilization of the potential of employees. However, according to the author’s interpretation, thinking of “muda” is not using the available working time of employees. In the opinion of the authors, this loss is due to a lack of standardization of working time of employees In order to eliminate wasted time at the workplace, the authors suggest using the techniques of work analysis and standardization. The purpose of this article is to present the methods mentioned and focus on the possibility of their inclusion in the concept of Lean Management, in the context of elimination of waste in the form of under-utilized potential of employees. The above approach combines the Japanese approach in terms of improvement of processes and European approach in the context of research on work.

This paper aims to attend to the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in organizational social and cultural issues. The study explores ICT gatekeeping dynamics, and does this in the context of gendersegregation in Saudi Arabia, and the current marginalization of the female workforce. The physical separation of men and women at work, and the utilization of ICT by competing groups to promote integrated practices provide an opportunity to understand power dynamics as enabled by digital technologies. Through empirical case analysis of an Oracle task management system, the study presents a number of findings emerging from the segregated context related to technology use. These findings are particularly relevant for network gatekeeping studies, and consist of identifying two ICT gatekeeping mechanisms (proxy and surveillance), and two types of change mechanisms (formative and dismantling). In addition to exploring the technological aspects of ICT use in segregated work, the study also attempts to document and evaluate some of the existing practices in terms of progressive change. The multi-layered male hegemony in Saudi, as imposed by governmental, cultural, and religious dominion, and the paradoxes arising from technology use that promotes female inclusion while simultaneously keeping segregation intact, makes this an issue riddled with extreme complexity. This study departs from attempts to classify technology as either a means of female emancipation or subjugation. Instead, by providing glimpses from a diverse cultural setting, the study highlights the inevitability of both enablement and constraint in technology use.

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?????? 1999-2007 ????????????????????????????? Malmquist ??????????????????????????????????????????Malmquist ??????????????????????????????????? (DEA)??????????????? (TFP) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0.2% ? 12.5%????????????? TFP ?????? 12.7%????????????? TFP ???????

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??????????????????????Steven M. Smith ?????“?????????????????????????????????????”????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? NITTE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 125 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????“????”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 60,000 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Goleman [1]?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? IT ??????????????????????????????????/???????????????????????????????????????“???”????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/?????????????????????????????????????/??????????????????????????????????????????????/??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? IT ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? IT ??????????????????? GDP ?????????????????????????????????????? IT ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (EI) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 20 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

The objective of this study was the investigation comprised the long run equilibrium and the short run dynamic interlinkages between sheep markets by using the monthly data of Omdurman, Medani, Elobied, Nyala and Sennar markets from January 1980 to December 1984 and from January 1990 to December 2000. The main findings were as following (i) The prices were first difference stationary, (ii) The test failed to reject the null hypothesis of no long run relationships between variables in the period 1980-1984 and (iii) there was only one cointegrating vector in the system in the period 1990-2000, and the short run integration appeared to be weak. The long run dynamics was re-examined by using impulse response tests and the results support the cointegration of these markets. It may be interpreted that any shock to the equilibrium relationships is mostly restored within four months lag period. The results also suggested relative leadership of Omdurman and Nyala markets in sheep pricing, which means the system is driven by large markets.

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of social capital on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. The research’s theoretical background entails social networks and social capital (including the cognitive, relational and structural aspects). The present research is empirical and employs a quantitative-survey approach. Moreover, the statistical population includes all the 60 managers in the Science and Technology Park. A questionnaire has been used as the instrument for data collection. Ultimately, the results show that social capital positively influences opportunity recognition with relational social capital delivering the most impact.