阿拉伯商业与管理评论杂志

Employees are the heart of any organization. For any organization to operate smoothly and without any interruption, employee cooperation cannot be replaced with anything else. It is of utmost importance that the employees of an organization not only have a good relationship with the top management, but also, they maintain a healthy and professional relationship with their coworkers. The following study is a self-conducted research on how motivational tools impact the performance of employee for betterment. The study also focused on de-motivation factors affecting employee performance negatively. A sample of individuals was selected and was interviewed with self-administrated questionnaire to obtain primary data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis methods. The results obtained indicate that if employees are positively motivated, it improves both their effectiveness and efficiency drastically for achieving organizational goals.

Pharmaceutical packaging is highly sophisticated since quality and safety issues are the utmost priority. However, use of high class plastic products for pharmaceutical packaging is very common and it is increasing day by day. The important plastics which find large packaging applications are High Density Polyethylene (HDP), Polypropylene (PE), Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), Polyester, Polystyrene etc. These are used for building the body structure of the packages, while other polymers are often used in less thickness as coating to improve the functional properties of basic packaging. Presently Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies are using all these plastic materials for packaging purposes collected from both local and global sources. The local pharmaceuticals plastic packaging materials producers are capturing almost 70% of the local market and rest 30% are import dependent where technology is very high. Nevertheless, some local plastic companies are setting up world-class dedicated plant for pharmaceutical plastic packaging and some pharmaceutical companies like Square and Acme itself extending their facility to produce plastic packaging materials. Therefore, this study will identify the demand dynamics of plastic packaging materials of Bangladeshi pharmaceuticals.

The objective of this article is to examine the effect of geographical factors on absorbing foreign investment with an emphasis on health tourism. Spa is one of an impressive creation and used for disease treatment. Moreover, it is so important to absorb forging investment and health tourism. More specifically; it will be considered to submit some effect of geographical factors on absorbing foreign investment and introducing tourism potential of health. Some criteria should be considered and evaluated like the numbers of health tourist, income rate, employ rates, services, facilities and amenities for spa. So the researchers chose Damavand because of geomorphological situation, economical condition and abundant spas. In order to evaluate these spas. The researchers chose VIKOR model criteria. This study is quantitative and collected the data from local participates in those areas. The findings of this study indicate ALLA spa achieved the highest ranking among the other streams and also is known as the best spa for investment and health tourism. Damavand can be as international poles for treatment because it has heat spas, the quality of spas and natural geography and its view. So, the official of Iran government should pay attention to these areas.

Organizational culture and motivation are crucial variables in every Organization. This is due to the general recognition that these variables do not only influence the individual employee’s performance but the whole Organization’s effectiveness, performance and sustenance. The interest in Organizational culture stems from the belief that culture influences behavior, decision-making, Organizational strategies, individual motivation and Organizational performance. Employees are conscious of Organizational culture, and they learn it in their life at workplace, then align their professional goals with the Organization’s goals. The extent to which they learn and embrace the Organizational culture varies and is determined, partly, by the Organization’s culture being either weak or strong. Non-motivated employees, generally portray a dissatisfied attitude at work, hence are less committed, and are more likely to quit the Organizational. The purpose of this review was to compare the impact of strong and weak Organizational culture on employee motivation.

Purpose of the article is to evaluate the competitiveness and sustainability of the vine and wine sector and the production of beer in Bulgaria on the basis of current European regulations. Development of wine viticulture is determined by the demand of wine on the global market and the traditional demand of local wines on the national market. This requires complete market researches about demand of wines, varietal structure of vineyards, cultivated area and applied technologies of production. In the article to assess the place of Bulgarian vine and wine sector and production of beer in the structure of world trade with such goods is used Balassa index with its three varieties - RCA1, 2, 3. To identify valuable differences in the average export price and the average import price of wine in Bulgaria and France and to identify valuable differences in the average export price and the average import price of beer in Bulgaria and Germany is used Anova analysis.

Working capital management is very important in measuring and balancing between risk and efficiency of firm’s performance. Firms has experienced various trend in ensuring the survival of the business in short and long term. This study measures the impact of working capital management on small and medium enterprises' performance in Nigeria, Osun State as a focus area for the period 2010-2014 by using firm by firm statement of financial position and income statement. This is done by calculating return on assets as a tool to measure firms' performance in Nigeria. Data were analysed using ordinary least square method to test the hypothesis formulated. Our findings indicate a mixed effect of WCM on performance. It was concluded that account payables period, cash conversion cycle and net trading cycle has positive effect on performance. Account receivables period and inventories turnover in days has negative relationship with performance.

In the recent years, plethora literature is being provided over the oil crisis since 1973/74 up till the recent oil crisis. Being a developing economy, Pakistan heavily depends over the international oil prices constancy. Oil crises started from December 2014 had crucially decreased the prices breaking record of last 11 years. The primary objective of study is to measure the impact of current regional oil crisis over the market share prices of enlisted oil companies in Pakistan stock exchange study tests the relationship between oil prices and stock prices of oil companies of Pakistan. Results pinpoints the dominance of international oil prices volatility on real stock prices of Pakistani oil marketing companies both at short run and long run.

Business strategy is essential to the success of organizations. Given the importance of strategy to organizational success, attempts have been made to study and capture the best approaches to formulate and implement business strategy. Over the years, through different studies, numerous different approaches to develop business strategy have been identified and promoted in the literature. However, there is not much information on the different strategic approaches, particularly in terms of their emphasis, focus as well as scope. Based on the literature review, this paper provides insight into some of the most common approaches adopted to formulate business strategy in organizations.