分子生物学：开放获取

Background: Among all vitamins, Vitamin D is important with respect to bone health and body immunity. Hypovitaminosis D is a global health issue, and considered as an epidemic. The worldwide, a billion of people with hypovitaminosis D has been estimated, however, there are a limited number of studies has been conducted in third world countries to measure the Vitamin D levels in their general population. This investigative study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in general population of District D. G. Khan, Pakistan. Methodology: After a personal visit in various hospitals, 100 patients with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were enrolled in the study. They full filling inclusion and exclusion criteria. After taking informed written consent, blood samples were drawn and examine the serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. The serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D below 32 ng/ml is classified as Vitamin D insufficiency, while below 20 ng/ml is Vitamin D deficiency. Results: The mean age of 62 male (18-50) years and 38 females (18-50) years. Among these, serum 25(OH) Vitamin D means level of 62 male samples while 38 female samples were studied. The 27 males showed vitamin insufficiency, 25 males were Vitamin D deficient. Among 38 females, 11 subjects showed vitamin D insufficiency, 22 were vitamin D deficient, while 10 males and 5 females were normal control. The male subject showed significantly low serum calcium and phosphorous level, but elevated Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) level as compared to normal male control. Similar finding has been found in female subjects. Conclusion: The vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency reduces the serum calcium and phosphorous level, while it causes elevation of serum ALP level.

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a new and advance gene editing tool using specific nuclease enzyme for specific cleavage. It is the most efficient technique, commonly used for many purposes like gene therapy, production of desired plants and transgenic animals. But it has some limitations like off-target issue and this issue can be minimized by the production of specific sequence of guide RNA. In the future, it can be used for the treatment of many human genetic diseases

Diplod cotton especially Gossypium herbeceum are poor seed cotton yielders and also have poor fiber properties while in parallel diploids have good buffering capacity towards the fluctuating environment. Hence an attempt has been made to enhance the yield levels in diploid cotton using gamma rays as an additional variability creating agent. Here a total of one hundred and ten progenies comprising of irradiated (F4M4 45), unirradiated (F4 52) and irradiated jayadhar (M4 13) were evaluated at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad to obtain information on mean, variance, range, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advanced for thirteen traits. The mean, range and variance among progenies, F4M4 progenies exhibited relatively higher progeny mean performance and wider range of values for most the traits under study (seed cotton yield 60.89, 32-96 and 228.72). The high estimates of PCV and GCV were recorded for M4 generation for boll weight (20.82 and 20.29) and seed cotton yield (42.7 and 40.6) show simple irradiation helps to improve these traits whereas, F4M4 progenies recorded high PCV and GCV for seed index (11.2 and 10.29) indicating hybridization followed by irradiation has an additional advantage to improve this trait. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was noticed for seed cotton yield and yield components as well as fibre quality traits among progenies. When the assessment was made across the progenies for important traits to know how much percent has progressed to next generation the F4M4 contributed higher number of superior progenies for boll weight traits (10 progenies) and fibre length (7 progenies). The best performing progenies will be stabilizes over location and tested for their superiority with the existing variety.

Allele-specific PCR for HER2I655V detection using breast cancer patients-obtained frozen tissue origin has been successfully developed. However, impassive approach to collect tissues hampers this method to be used for genetic screening purposes. Therefore, the present study is to test the use of buccal cells as an alternative for genetic material source in detecting HER2I655V polymorphism using AS-PCR. Firstly, we prepared standard marker of HER2I655V fragment with size of 142 bp for AA genotype and 168 bp for GG genotype using pGEM_HER2 recombinant as source of these fragment. These fragments then used as alternative of DNA ladder to estimate HER2I655V amplicon. AS-PCR using buccal cells has successfully performed to detect I655V polymorphism that showed AA genotype for all samples tested. In the next experiment we will conduct AS-PCR using this non-invasive method with more samples collected.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) affect large population. There are many genetic and non genetic factors associated for the occurrence of T2DM. Genes of the renin angiotensin system angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism has been associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism, risk of type 2 diabetes.
Methods: A total of 222 subjects (111 T2DM and 111 healthy controls) were collected from Bahir Dar Felegehiwot Referral Hospital and Bahir Dar town, respectively by using non-probability purposive sampling techniques. Minidray fully automated analyzer was used for biochemical tests. The ACE I/D genotypes were identified by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using appropriate primers and PCR reaction conditions.
Results: The present study revealed that the frequency of DD genotype and D allele were higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls (DD, 64.2% vs.35.6% P<0.001) and (D, 79.3% vs.59.9% P<0.001). DD genotype showed threefold increase risk towards T2DM as compared to II Genotype (OR: 2.984, CI: 1.332-6.689, P<0.02). The D allele carriers had five times high risk of getting diabetic as compared to I allele. (OR, D 2.178; CI: 1.168-3.232 P<0.001 vs.I OR, 0.459; CI: 0.309-0.681 P<0.001).
Conclusion: Нis study indicated that the frequency of ACE DD genotype and D allele were markedly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes

A series of substituted 4-amino-benzene sulfonamides were designed, keeping in view the structural requirement of pharmacophore. Lipinski rule of five has also been calculated; failure to Lipinski rule was not observed. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant. Docking was performed through AutoDock Vina. Molecules have been screened out through docking. Compounds were synthesized and characterized through IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, Mass and elemental analysis. The anticonvulsant activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed using the MES model. In-silico biological activity spectrum, toxicological studies, predicted oral rat LD50 and possible mechanism of action were investigated. The compound, 4-[2-(4-Acetyl-phenylamino)-ethyl]-benzenesulfonamide (K23) is found most active among the synthesized compounds.