维生素和矿物质

The angiotensin-converting enzyme on the cell surface is the transmembrane receptor that the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein attaches to and enters the host cell through. SARS-CoV-2 is spread via respiratory droplets, coughs, or contaminated hands from human to human and from animal to human. If it's dry, the virus can stay in the nasopharynx for three days before being found in the lung. The virus then passes spike and into the lung cells. Lung cells come in two different varieties: alveolar cells, which are involved in the gas exchange process, and macrophage cells, which function as surfactant providers and defensive barriers. The harms type 2 alveolar cells, and macrophage cells attempt to create tumour necrosis factors and cytokines. Alveolar cells are harmed by inflammatory substances including interleukins. Vasodilation happens close to, which raises capillary permeability. As a result, fluid builds up between the alveoli and blood vessels, disrupting gas exchange.

Essential micronutrients needed for the body's normal operation include minerals and trace elements. These components are especially advantageous for physiological processes. Several biochemical processes require the presence of minerals and trace elements, which also serve as cofactors for numerous enzymes and as stabilising elements in proteins and enzymes. Certain trace elements control important biological processes by attaching to the cell membrane's receptor site or by altering the receptor's structure to block the entry of specific molecules. Micronutrients perform a dual function: they keep cellular structures stable at ideal levels, but when levels are low, alternate pathways are opened up and illnesses may result. These crucial micronutrients reveal clear correlations with diabetes and have significant physiological effects.